Viking Age inscriptions have also been discovered on the Manx runestones on the Isle of Man. The motives driving the Viking growth are a subject of a lot debate in Nordic history. The south coast of the Baltic Sea was ruled by the Obotrites, a federation of Slavic tribes loyal to the Carolingians and later the Frankish empire.
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During the 18th century, British curiosity and enthusiasm for Iceland and early Scandinavian culture grew dramatically, expressed in English translations of Old Norse texts and in unique poems that extolled the supposed Viking virtues. Early trendy publications, dealing with what’s now referred to as Viking tradition, appeared within the sixteenth century, e.g. Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus (History of the northern folks) of Olaus Magnus (1555), and the primary version of the thirteenth-century Gesta Danorum (Deeds of the Danes), by Saxo Grammaticus, in 1514.
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Denmark’s Social Democrats managed to push by way of flexicurity reforms in 1994 and 1996. This article is about the social and financial mannequin in Northern Europe. For the socioeconomic models in continental Europe, see Dirigisme and Rhenish model. For the political ideology typically associated with the Nordic mannequin, see Social democracy. For the kind of prostitution legislation, see Nordic model strategy to prostitution.
Monasteries have been dissolved and church property confiscated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Norway established and funded by the state. Bishops still adhering to Catholicism have been deposed with Olav, Archbishop of Nidaros fleeing the nation in 1537 and another bishop dying in jail in 1542. Catholicism held on in distant parts of Norway for another couple of many years, though eventually the remaining Catholics converted or fled, to the Netherlands particularly. Many pastors have been changed with Danes and Norwegian clergy being trained at the University of Copenhagen as Norway didn’t have a university. The Danish translation of the Bible was used as were Danish catechisms and hymns.
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Facilitated by advanced sailing and navigational skills, and characterised by the longship, Viking activities at occasions also extended into the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, and the Middle East. Following prolonged phases of (primarily sea- or river-borne) exploration, growth and settlement, Viking (Norse) communities and governments were established in various areas of north-western Europe, Belarus,[9] Ukraine[10] and European Russia, the North Atlantic islands and so far as the north-japanese coast of North America.
Sweden’s function in the Battle of Leipzig gave it the authority to force Denmark-Norway, an ally of France, to cede Norway to the King of Sweden on 14 January 1814 in exchange for northern German provinces, on the Treaty of Kiel. The Norwegian makes an attempt to keep their standing as a sovereign state have been rejected by the Swedish king, Charles XIII. He launched a military marketing campaign in opposition to Norway on 27 July 1814, ending within the Convention of Moss, which compelled Norway into a private union with Sweden beneath the Swedish crown, which lasted till 1905. The 1814 marketing campaign was the final struggle during which Sweden participated as a combatant.
Estonia additionally had an necessary Swedish minority which continued for about 650 years on the coast and isles. Smaller teams of historic descendants of 18th–20th-century Swedish emigrants who nonetheless retain varying aspects of Swedish identity to this present day may be discovered in the Americas (especially Minnesota and Wisconsin; see Swedish Americans) and in Ukraine.
While the earliest groups had little claim for historic accuracy, the seriousness and accuracy of reenactors has increased. The largest such teams include The Vikings and Regia Anglorum, though many smaller teams exist in Europe, North America, New Zealand, and Australia. Many reenactor teams participate in live-steel fight, and some have Viking-style ships or boats. Modern reconstructions of Viking mythology have proven a persistent influence in late 20th- and early 21st-century popular culture in some international locations, inspiring comics, films, tv collection, position-playing video games, pc games, and music, including Viking steel, a subgenre of heavy steel music. Runestones attest to voyages to areas corresponding to Bath,[104] Greece,[one hundred and five] Khwaresm,[106] Jerusalem,[107] Italy (as Langobardland),[108] Serkland (i.e. the Muslim world),[109] England[a hundred and ten] (together with London[111]), and various locations in Eastern Europe.
After the tip of the Viking Age the separate kingdoms gradually acquired distinct identities as nations, which went hand-in-hand with their Christianisation. Thus the norwegian beauty end of the Viking Age for the Scandinavians also marks the start of their relatively temporary Middle Ages.
He writes that the Suetidi are the tallest of men—together with the Dani, who were of the identical stock. Later he mentions other Scandinavian tribes as being of the same peak. Whyman, Philip; Baimbridge, Mark; Mullen, Andrew (2012). The Political Economy of the European Social Model (Routledge Studies in the European Economy. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN . In quick, Gorbachev aimed to steer the Soviet Union in direction of the Scandinavian social democratic model.
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